Discipline "Molecular biology"

Topic:

The cell cycle and its regulation. Phases of mitosis. Proteins and enzymes in the regulation of cell proliferation. Growth factors.

Study questions:

1. The concept of the cell cycle. Phases of mitosis. Cytokinesis.
2. Structure and organization of the cell nucleus. The nuclear envelope. Nuclear pores.
3. Levels of DNA packing in chromosomes. Chromatin remodeling.
4. Spatial organization of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus. Metaphase chromosome. Types of chromosomal rearrangements.
5. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the control of the cell cycle: the main complexes and mechanisms of action at different phases of the cell cycle. Dynamics of expression of cyclin proteins.
6. The main regulatory proteins of the cell cycle: protein kinases and protein phosphatases cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins, ubiquitin ligases and their activators.
7. Molecular mechanisms of regulation of the S-phase of the cell cycle. Control of chromosome replication. The role of cohesin proteins.
8. Telomeric sections of chromosomes. The role of the enzyme telomerase.
9. Molecular mechanisms of the M-phase of the cell cycle. The structure of the mitotic spindle of division. Types of microtubules. The structure of the centrosome. Mechanisms of cytokinesis in mammals.